Ongole ਗਾਂ

ఒంగోలు

ਹੋਰ ਨਾਮ: Nellore (in Brazil)

The breed Brazil built its beef industry on.

ਮੂਲ ਖੇਤਰ: Prakasam, Nellore, Guntur

ਰੋਜ਼ਾਨਾ ਦੁੱਧ (ਵੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ)

4–7 L

ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਵਿਆਹ ਦੁੱਧ (~300 ਦਿਨ)

1,000–1,800 L

ਦੁੱਧ ਚਰਬੀ

4.5–5.0%

ਬਾਲਗ ਭਾਰ

430–550 kg

ਵਿਸ਼ਿਸ਼ਟ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾਵਾਂ

ਰੋਮ/ਚਮੜੀ: White or light grey; black points (knees, neck, shoulder).

Large, well-muscled body — among the heaviest desi breeds
Short stumpy horns
Massive hump and dewlap in males
Long, swinging tail with black switch

ਸੁਭਾਅ ਅਤੇ ਉਪਯੋਗਤਾ

Premier draught and beef-type indigenous breed
Modest milker; cows give 4–7 litres a day
Disease resistant, particularly to foot-and-mouth
Long productive life

ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਅਤੇ ਵੰਸ਼ਾਵਲੀ

Ongole was exported to Brazil in the late 1800s, where it became "Nelore" and now numbers 200 million animals — the foundation of Brazilian beef. In India, the breed declined after independence as draught demand fell. Andhra Pradesh's Livestock Research Station at Lam, Guntur, maintains a nucleus herd. An elite Ongole bull can fetch ₹50 lakh+ from Brazilian buyers.

Ongole ਕਿਉਂ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ

Ongole reminds us that India's cow genetics built modern tropical livestock economies abroad — while we let the home herd shrink. Strengthening Ongole herds is both heritage protection and an export opportunity.